India Hands Debut to Priya Mishra as New Zealand Chooses to Bat First in Second ODI October 27, 2024 - Ahmedabad, India The second ODI between India and New Zealand at the Narendra Modi Stadium in Ahmedabad promises to be a high-stakes affair as both teams made strategic changes to their line-ups. After losing the first ODI by 59 runs, New Zealand captain Sophie Devine won the toss and opted to bat, aiming to level the three-match series and gain crucial points in the ICC Women’s Championship. New Zealand made two changes to their side, with a forced replacement due to injury. Star allrounder Amelia Kerr has been ruled out of the rest of the series as well as most of the upcoming Women’s Big Bash League (WBBL) after tearing her left quadricep muscle. Left-arm spinner Fran Jonas stepped into her spot, adding variety to the New Zealand bowling attack. The other change saw experienced right-arm pacer Lea Tahuhu replace Molly Penfold, who had struggled with cramps in the first ODI and went wicketless for 28 runs. For India, regular captain Harmanpreet Kaur returned to the squad after sitting out the first ODI due to a minor niggle. She replaced D Hemalatha, strengthening India’s batting and bringing back her invaluable leadership on the field. The hosts also debuted young legspinner Priya Mishra, who has already shown immense potential. Recently, she impressed on the India A tour of Australia, bagging six wickets in an unofficial Test in Gold Coast, followed by a five-wicket haul in a one-dayer. Her selection comes as no surprise, as she was also the leading wicket-taker in the 2023-24 senior women’s one-day trophy. India currently leads the series 1-0 and will look to seal the series with a win in this match. New Zealand, however, are determined to bounce back and keep the series alive. Their performance is crucial, as only the top five teams, along with hosts India, will directly qualify for next year’s World Cup. New Zealand currently sits sixth in the standings, making today’s match critical for their tournament hopes. Teams: India : Smriti Mandhana, Shafali Verma, Yastika Bhatia (wk), Harmanpreet Kaur (capt), Jemimah Rodrigues, Tejal Hasabnis, Deepti Sharma, Radha Yadav, Arundhati Reddy, Saima Thakor, Priya Mishra New Zealand : Suzie Bates, Georgia Plimmer, Lauren Down, Sophie Devine (capt), Brooke Halliday, Maddy Green, Isabella Gaze, Jess Kerr, Lea Tahuhu, Eden Carson, Fran Jonas Fans are eagerly awaiting the outcome, with both sides showcasing new talents and experienced players ready to make their mark. The series has already delivered intense action, and today's game promises nothing less.

The Curious Case of Plural Nouns: Clothes and Tools English can be a fascinating language, especially when it comes to certain groups of plural nouns. Two categories—clothes and tools—often catch learners by surprise because they are usually plural. This phenomenon stems from the fact that many of these items, like trousers  and scissors , consist of two similar parts. Plural Nouns for Clothes and Accessories When talking about clothes, several terms always take a plural form, even if you’re referring to just one item. For example, we don’t say "a trouser" or "a jean"; instead, we refer to trousers and jeans . Here’s a list of common plural nouns that describe items of clothing: braces , briefs , cords dungarees , glasses , jeans leggings , knickers , overalls pants , pyjamas , shorts specs , sunglasses , tights trousers , underpants Notice how they are all plural because they either have two parts (like legs or arms) or involve a pair (like glasses). Example: She wore brown trousers  and a green sweater. Plural Nouns for Tools Similarly, many tools and instruments follow the same rule due to their dual-part structure, such as pliers  or scissors . These items are always referred to in the plural. Here are some common examples of plural nouns for tools: binoculars , clippers , compasses pincers , pliers , scales scissors , tongs , tweezers Example: He grabbed the pliers  from the toolbox. Never poke scissors  into a light bulb socket.   Referring to One Item: "A Pair Of" When you want to mention a single item from these plural groups, you usually pair the noun with the phrase "a pair of." For instance, a pair of jeans  or a pair of scissors . To refer to multiple items, you’d say pairs of . Examples: I went out to buy a pair of scissors . She has three pairs of jeans . This construction also applies to other items that come in twos, like gloves , shoes , and socks : He wore a pair of gloves . They put on a pair of new shoes . Verb Agreement When using "a pair of" with a plural noun, it’s important to note the verb agreement. In the same clause, the verb is singular: A pair of shoes  brings more happiness than a new car. But in the following relative clause, the verb typically becomes plural: He put on a pair of brown shoes , which were  waiting for him. In cases where a pronoun is needed, use a plural one after "a pair of": She chose a pair of shoes  and put them  on. These quirks in the English language make it all the more intriguing to study. Clothes and tools, by their very design, encourage us to think in pairs. So next time you reach for your scissors  or slip into your jeans , you’ll know why they always sound like there’s more than one! ………………………………………………………………………………………….. Plural Nouns for Clothes and Accessories Braces : Straps that pass over the shoulders to hold up trousers. Briefs : A type of short, tight-fitting underwear. Cords : Trousers made from corduroy fabric. Dungarees : A garment consisting of trousers with an attached bib, often worn as protective clothing or fashion. Glasses : Lenses set in a frame used to correct vision or protect the eyes. Jeans : Casual trousers made from denim. Jodhpurs : Riding trousers that are tight-fitting below the knee and loose above it. Knickers : Women's or girls' underpants. Leggings : Tight-fitting stretch pants, often worn for exercise or as casual wear. Overalls : Loose-fitting trousers with an attached bib, often worn for work or outdoor activities. Panties : A woman's or girl's underpants. Pants : Trousers; in American English, it refers to underwear. Pyjamas : Loose-fitting nightclothes worn for sleeping. Shorts : Trousers cut off above the knee. Slacks : Casual trousers, typically loose-fitting. Specs : Short for spectacles; glasses used to correct vision. Spectacles : Another term for glasses. Sunglasses : Glasses with darkened lenses to protect the eyes from the sun. Tights : A close-fitting garment covering the legs and waist, worn under clothes or for exercise. Trousers : A garment covering the lower part of the body from the waist to the ankles, with separate sections for each leg. Trunks : Men’s short trousers used for swimming or sports. Underpants : Garments worn under clothes, covering the lower part of the body. Plural Nouns for Tools and Other Items Binoculars : Optical instrument used for viewing distant objects with both eyes. Clippers : A tool used for cutting, especially hair or nails. Compasses : An instrument used for drawing circles or for navigation. Dividers : A tool used to measure distances or to mark points on a surface. Nutcrackers : A device for cracking open the hard shells of nuts. Pincers : A tool with two handles and a pair of jaws used for gripping or pulling. Pliers : A hand tool with jaws used for gripping, bending, or cutting wire. Scales : A device used for measuring weight. Scissors : A tool with two blades pivoted together for cutting paper, fabric, etc. Secateurs : A type of pruning shears used for cutting plants. Shears : Large scissors used for cutting plants or fabric. Tongs : A tool used to grip and lift objects, typically food. Tweezers : A small tool used for picking up small objects or plucking hairs. …………………………………………………… Sentences Using Plural Nouns for Clothes and Accessories Braces : He adjusted his braces before heading to the office. Briefs : He prefers wearing cotton briefs during workouts. Cords : She wore her favourite cords to the concert last night. Dungarees : The mechanic was dressed in blue dungarees. Glasses : She forgot her glasses at home, making it hard to read the sign. Jeans : I bought a new pair of jeans from the mall yesterday. Jodhpurs : The rider wore her jodhpurs while training her horse. Knickers : She packed a few pairs of knickers for her weekend trip. Leggings : She slipped into her leggings for the yoga class. Overalls : The painter wore overalls to protect his clothes from splashes. Panties : She bought a pack of cotton panties from the store. Pants : His pants were neatly ironed for the meeting. Pyjamas : I changed into my pyjamas before watching the movie. Shorts : He wore shorts to the beach to stay cool in the heat. Slacks : She paired her slacks with a stylish blouse for the dinner. Specs : His specs were foggy from the cold air outside. Spectacles : The old man cleaned his spectacles with a soft cloth. Sunglasses : She put on her sunglasses to shield her eyes from the bright sun. Tights : The dancer wore black tights for the performance. Trousers : He dressed in formal trousers for the business meeting. Trunks : The swimmer wore red trunks during the competition. Underpants : The laundry basket was full of underpants and socks. Sentences Using Plural Nouns for Tools and Other Items Binoculars : He used his binoculars to watch the birds in the distance. Clippers : The barber picked up his clippers to trim the customer’s hair. Compasses : The students used their compasses to draw perfect circles. Dividers : The engineer used dividers to measure the exact distance on the blueprint. Nutcrackers : We used the nutcrackers to open the tough walnut shells. Pincers : The blacksmith grabbed the pincers to hold the hot metal. Pliers : He used pliers to fix the broken wire in the garage. Scales : The chef placed the ingredients on the scales to ensure accurate measurements. Scissors : She used the scissors to cut the wrapping paper for the gift. Secateurs : The gardener pruned the roses with her secateurs. Shears : The sheep were trimmed using large shears. Tongs : He grabbed the hot coals with tongs and placed them on the barbecue. Tweezers : She used tweezers to remove the tiny splinter from her finger. Assessment Exercise: Plural Nouns for Clothes and Tools Part 1: Fill in the Blanks  Complete the sentences using the correct plural noun from the word bank below. Use each word only once. Word Bank : scissors, jeans, glasses, pyjamas, pliers, tweezers, trousers, binoculars, overalls, compasses He wore his favourite pair of ________ to the casual party. The mechanic grabbed his ________ to fix the car’s wiring. I can’t see clearly without my ________; where did I put them? She changed into her ________ before going to bed. The tailor used sharp ________ to cut the fabric perfectly. The hikers used their ________ to spot birds in the distance. He put on his ________ to protect his clothes while painting. She used ________ to pluck the tiny splinter from her finger. The explorer used his ________ to draw a perfect circle. The formal event required everyone to wear ________ instead of shorts. Part 2: True or False   Write True  if the statement is correct, and False  if it is incorrect. "Scissors" is a plural noun because it has two similar parts. You can say "a trouser" to refer to one pair of trousers. A pair of glasses is considered singular when discussing its function. To refer to one item of clothing like jeans, you can say "a pair of jeans." Pliers are tools that are usually referred to in singular form. Part 3: Matching  Match the plural noun with its correct description. Glasses Nutcrackers Trunks Secateurs Spectacles a. Cutting tools for plants b. Swimsuit bottoms for men c. Another term for glasses d. Device for opening nuts e. Lenses used to correct or protect vision Part 4: Short Answer:   Answer the following questions in 1-2 sentences. Why are nouns like "trousers" and "scissors" always in the plural form? How would you refer to a single item from these plural nouns? Provide an example. Give an example of a sentence using the plural noun "binoculars." Part 5: Multiple Choice  Choose the correct answer for each question. Which of the following is not  a plural noun for clothes? a) Trousers b) Shorts c) Shirt d) Jeans When you want to refer to a single item from a plural noun like "tights," which phrase would you use? a) One tights b) A pair of tights c) A single tights d) Some tights Which tool is used for cutting plants? a) Secateurs b) Tweezers c) Compasses d) Pincers …………………………………………………………………………………………… ANSWERS Part 1: Fill in the Blanks He wore his favourite pair of jeans  to the casual party. The mechanic grabbed his pliers  to fix the car’s wiring. I can’t see clearly without my glasses ; where did I put them? She changed into her pyjamas  before going to bed. The tailor used sharp scissors  to cut the fabric perfectly. The hikers used their binoculars  to spot birds in the distance. He put on his overalls  to protect his clothes while painting. She used tweezers  to pluck the tiny splinter from her finger. The explorer used his compasses  to draw a perfect circle. The formal event required everyone to wear trousers  instead of shorts. Part 2: True or False True – "Scissors" is a plural noun because it has two similar parts. False – You cannot say "a trouser"; you must say "a pair of trousers." True – A pair of glasses is considered singular when discussing its function. True – To refer to one item of clothing like jeans, you say "a pair of jeans." False – Pliers are always referred to in the plural form, not singular. Part 3: Matching Glasses – e. Lenses used to correct or protect vision Nutcrackers – d. Device for opening nuts Trunks – b. Swimsuit bottoms for men Secateurs – a. Cutting tools for plants Spectacles – c. Another term for glasses Part 4: Short Answer Nouns like "trousers" and "scissors" are always in the plural form because they consist of two similar parts, like legs or blades, that make up the whole item. To refer to a single item from these plural nouns, you use "a pair of." For example, "a pair of trousers" or "a pair of scissors." Example sentence using "binoculars": "The birdwatcher used his binoculars to observe the distant wildlife." Part 5: Multiple Choice Which of the following is not  a plural noun for clothes? c) Shirt When you want to refer to a single item from a plural noun like "tights," which phrase would you use? b) A pair of tights Which tool is used for cutting plants? a) Secateurs

"Mastering English Nouns: Uncover the Words That Stay the Same in Singular and Plural!" In English, some countable nouns do not change form between the singular and plural. This can be tricky, as you must rely on context or other words in the sentence to determine whether the noun is singular or plural. Many of these nouns refer to animals, fish, or abstract concepts. Below are some examples, along with sentences that show how these words are used in both singular and plural forms. Like: ... a sheep. ... four sheep. These nouns are: 1.     Bison 2.     deer 3.     elk 4.     greenfly 5.     grouse 6.     moose 7.     reindeer 8.     sheep 9.     cod 10.  fish 11.  goldfish 12.  halibut 13.  mullet 14.  salmon 15.  shellfish 16.  trout 17.  whitebait 18.  aircraft 19.  hovercraft 20.  spacecraft 21.  crossroads 22.  dice 23.  fruit 24.  gallows 25.  grapefruit 26.  insignia 27.  mews 28.  offspring 29.  series 30.  species 31.  bourgeois 32.  chassis 33.  corps 34.  patois 35.  précis 36.  rendezvous Here are the meanings of each of the nouns you listed: Bison  – A large, humpbacked herbivore found in North America and parts of Europe, resembling a buffalo. Deer  – A hoofed grazing animal found in forests and grasslands, known for its antlers (in males of most species). Elk  – A large species of deer found in North America and Asia, also known as the wapiti. Greenfly  – A small green aphid that feeds on plants and is a common garden pest. Grouse  – A ground-dwelling bird that lives in moorlands and forests, known for its game bird status. Moose  – The largest species of deer, with broad antlers, found in northern regions of North America and Eurasia. Reindeer  – A species of deer, also called caribou in North America, known for its migration and association with Santa Claus. Sheep  – A domesticated ruminant animal kept for its wool, meat, and milk. Cod  – A large cold-water fish that is a popular food source, especially in Europe and North America. Fish  – An aquatic animal that has gills and fins, living in water. "Fish" refers to both the singular and plural of these animals. Goldfish  – A small domesticated fish commonly kept in ponds or aquariums, known for its orange or golden colour. Halibut  – A large flatfish found in the northern Atlantic and Pacific oceans, known for its white flesh. Mullet  – A species of fish found in coastal waters, also a type of hairstyle, but here refers to the fish. Salmon  – A migratory fish found in both Atlantic and Pacific oceans, known for returning to freshwater to spawn. Shellfish  – Aquatic animals that have a shell, such as clams, crabs, and lobsters. Trout  – A freshwater fish related to the salmon, often found in rivers and lakes. Whitebait  – Tiny young fish, usually eaten fried, commonly used as a delicacy in some countries. Aircraft  – Any vehicle capable of flying, such as airplanes, helicopters, or gliders. Hovercraft  – A vehicle that moves over land or water on a cushion of air produced by large fans. Spacecraft  – A vehicle designed for travel or operation in outer space. Crossroads  – A place where two or more roads meet, often symbolically used to represent a point of decision. Dice  – Small cubes with numbers or symbols on each face, used in games of chance. Fruit  – The edible part of a plant that contains seeds, such as apples, oranges, or bananas. Gallows  – A structure used for executing criminals by hanging. Grapefruit  – A large citrus fruit with a sour to semi-sweet taste, similar to an orange but larger and more bitter. Insignia  – A symbol or mark of authority, often worn on uniforms to denote rank or membership. Mews  – A row or courtyard of stables and carriage houses, often converted into residences. Offspring  – The children or young of a person, animal, or plant. Series  – A number of things that come one after another, such as books, episodes, or events. Species  – A group of living organisms that can reproduce with one another, sharing common characteristics. Bourgeois  – A term that refers to the middle class, often associated with materialism or conventional attitudes. Chassis  – The base frame of a motor vehicle or other machines, on which the body or parts are mounted. Corps  – A military unit or a group of people working together for a common purpose. Patois  – A regional dialect or informal language that is different from the standard language of a country. Précis  – A concise summary of a text or speech. Rendezvous  – A meeting or appointment at a particular time and place, often secret or planned. These meanings can be part of your blog post, enriching it with definitions for each noun. Let me know if you'd like further clarification! Nouns with the Same Form in Singular and Plural are Used In Sentences. In English, certain countable nouns remain unchanged in both their singular and plural forms. This can sometimes be confusing, as the context or surrounding words must clarify whether the noun is singular or plural. Many of these nouns refer to animals, fish, or abstract ideas. Below are examples of such nouns, along with sentences illustrating their use in both singular and plural contexts. Bison Singular: A lone bison grazed in the field. Plural: We saw several bison during the wildlife tour. Deer Singular: The deer stood still as I approached. Plural: There were deer grazing by the lake. Elk Singular: I spotted an elk in the distance. Plural: Elk are often seen in this forest. Greenfly Singular: A greenfly landed on the leaf. Plural: The roses were infested with greenfly. Grouse Singular: A grouse was hiding in the tall grass. Plural: Hunters spotted several grouse that morning. Moose Singular: A moose wandered into the campsite. Plural: We were amazed to see three moose near the river. Reindeer Singular: The reindeer pulled Santa’s sleigh. Plural: The reindeer migrated across the tundra. Sheep Singular: A sheep blocked the road. Plural: The farmer owns fifty sheep. Cod Singular: He caught a cod during the fishing trip. Plural: The chef served cod in a variety of dishes. Fish Singular: I saw a colourful fish in the pond. Plural: We went to the market to buy fish. Goldfish Singular: She has a goldfish in her aquarium. Plural: The tank was full of goldfish. Halibut Singular: A halibut is a flatfish species. Plural: The restaurant offers fresh halibut on the menu. Mullet Singular: The mullet swam near the shore. Plural: Fishermen caught mullet in their nets. Salmon Singular: The chef prepared a delicious salmon. Plural: Wild salmon are known for their rich flavour. Shellfish Singular: The shellfish was fresh and tender. Plural: The seafood platter had a variety of shellfish. Trout Singular: He caught a large trout in the stream. Plural: Many trout swim upstream during the spawning season. Whitebait Singular: Whitebait is often served as a delicacy. Plural: A lot of whitebait were swimming in the shallow water. Aircraft Singular: The aircraft took off smoothly. Plural: Several aircraft were grounded due to bad weather. Hovercraft Singular: A hovercraft can glide over water and land. Plural: Two hovercraft were parked by the shore. Spacecraft Singular: The spacecraft launched successfully. Plural: Many spacecraft have explored the solar system. Crossroads Singular: I stood at the crossroads, unsure of which way to go. Plural: The towns were located at the major crossroads. Dice Singular: The dice rolled off the table. Plural: He shook the dice in his hands. Fruit Singular: An apple is my favourite fruit. Plural: The basket was full of fresh fruit. Gallows Singular: The criminal was sentenced to the gallows. Plural: In ancient times, gallows were used for executions. Grapefruit Singular: She ate half a grapefruit for breakfast. Plural: The farmer harvested many grapefruit this season. Insignia Singular: The officer wore a badge with the official insignia. Plural: The soldiers proudly displayed their insignia. Mews Singular: The apartment was located in a quiet mews. Plural: These historic mews were once stables. Offspring Singular: The bird nurtured its offspring. Plural: Many animals take great care of their offspring. Series Singular: I’m watching a new series on Netflix. Plural: There are multiple series available to stream. Species Singular: This species of plant is endangered. Plural: Many species are at risk due to climate change. Bourgeois Singular: His lifestyle is typical of the bourgeois class. Plural: The bourgeois dominate the economy in that region. Chassis Singular: The car’s chassis was damaged in the accident. Plural: The factory produces various types of chassis. Corps Singular: He joined the medical corps during the war. Plural: The corps were honoured for their bravery. Patois Singular: She spoke in a local patois unfamiliar to tourists. Plural: The different patois of the region can be confusing. Précis Singular: He wrote a précis of the report. Plural: The students prepared their précis for the class. Rendezvous Singular: We had a secret rendezvous at the café. Plural: The agents arranged multiple rendezvous during the mission. This guide helps us understand the tricky concept of nouns with the same form in singular and plural contexts. Keep practising to familiarize yourself with their use! Here’s a sample assessment paper based on nouns with the same form in singular and plural. This assessment paper covers different question formats to test understanding of the concept of nouns with the same form in singular and plural.   English Assessment Paper Topic:  Nouns with the Same Form in Singular and Plural Total Marks:  25 Time:  45 minutes Part A: Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) – [5 marks] Which of the following nouns has the same form in both singular and plural? a) Apple b) Sheep c) Boy d) Book Which noun refers to an aircraft that moves over both land and water? a) Hovercraft b) Spacecraft c) Aircraft d) Crossroads Which of the following is an aquatic animal that does not change form between singular and plural? a) Cat b) Bird c) Cod d) Elephant Which noun refers to a citrus fruit that remains the same in both singular and plural? a) Orange b) Grapefruit c) Lemon d) Mango Which word can be used to refer to both one and many military units? a) Chassis b) Corps c) Rendezvous d) Series Part B: Fill in the Blanks – [5 marks] I saw a ___________ standing in the forest. (deer) The ___________ of aircraft took off at the same time. (fleet) The fishmonger sold me two ___________ of cod. (pieces) The series was so exciting that I watched all five ___________ in one go. (episodes) The ___________ migrated across the tundra in the winter. (reindeer) Part C: True or False – [5 marks] The word "offspring" changes its form between singular and plural. "Fruit" can refer to both one fruit or many fruits. "Fish" is an example of a noun that has different singular and plural forms. "Bison" can only be used in the singular form. "Series" remains the same in both singular and plural contexts. Part D: Sentence Construction – [5 marks] Write one sentence using each of the following nouns in both their singular and plural forms: Sheep Aircraft Trout Dice Insignia Part E: Short Answer Questions – [5 marks] Explain why certain nouns do not change between singular and plural forms. (2 marks) Give two examples of nouns from the animal category that do not change form. (2 marks) What does the noun "hovercraft" refer to? (1 mark) Answers Here are the answers to the assessment paper based on nouns with the same form in singular and plural: Part A: Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) – [5 marks] Which of the following nouns has the same form in both singular and plural? b) Sheep Which noun refers to an aircraft that moves over both land and water? a) Hovercraft Which of the following is an aquatic animal that does not change form between singular and plural? c) Cod Which noun refers to a citrus fruit that remains the same in both singular and plural? b) Grapefruit Which word can be used to refer to both one and many military units? b) Corps Part B: Fill in the Blanks – [5 marks] I saw a deer standing in the forest. The fleet  of aircraft took off at the same time. The fishmonger sold me two pieces of cod. The series was so exciting that I watched all five episodes  in one go. The reindeer migrated across the tundra in the winter. Part C: True or False – [5 marks] The word "offspring" changes its form between singular and plural. False "Fruit" can refer to both one fruit or many fruits. True "Fish" is an example of a noun that has different singular and plural forms. False "Bison" can only be used in the singular form. False "Series" remains the same in both singular and plural contexts. True Part D: Sentence Construction – [5 marks] Sheep Singular: A sheep was grazing on the hill. Plural: The farmer owns several sheep. Aircraft Singular: The aircraft landed smoothly on the runway. Plural: The sky was filled with military aircraft. Trout Singular: He caught a large trout in the river. Plural: There are many trout in this stream. Dice Singular: The player rolled the dice during his turn. Plural: He threw two dice to start the game. Insignia Singular: The officer wore an insignia on his uniform. Plural: The soldiers displayed their unit insignia proudly. Part E: Short Answer Questions – [5 marks] Explain why certain nouns do not change between singular and plural forms. Some nouns remain unchanged in singular and plural forms because of their linguistic history and usage. In some cases, these nouns originate from older languages where singular and plural forms were identical. Additionally, nouns that refer to animals, fish, or abstract concepts often follow this pattern due to consistency in their collective use. Give two examples of nouns from the animal category that do not change form. Deer  and sheep . What does the noun "hovercraft" refer to? A hovercraft is a vehicle capable of traveling over both land and water by riding on a cushion of air created by fans.

Uncountable Nouns Ending in -s: A Common Mistake When we see a noun ending in -s , our first instinct is often to treat it as plural. However, in English, there are some uncountable nouns that end in -s  but behave like singular nouns, especially when they refer to subjects of study, activities, games, or diseases. This can lead to confusion, so let's clarify this interesting aspect of English grammar. 1. Uncountable Nouns Referring to Subjects of Study and Activities Many academic subjects and activities end in -s  and require singular verbs. Although they appear plural, they represent a field of study or an activity, and are treated as singular in sentence structure. Examples : Physics  is fun. Economics  is a challenging discipline. Statistics  is often used in scientific research. Here is a list of common uncountable nouns referring to subjects of study and activities: acoustics aerobics aerodynamics athletics economics electronics genetics linguistics mathematics physics statistics Important Note : Occasionally, these nouns can be used in a plural sense when referring to a specific person's actions or views. For instance: His politics  are rather controversial. 2. Uncountable Nouns Referring to Games Some games, often played in groups or involving a set of items (like cards or darts), also fall under the category of uncountable nouns. They end in -s  and use singular verbs. Examples : Darts  is very competitive. Billiards  is a popular pub game. Here are examples of uncountable nouns referring to games: billiards bowls cards darts draughts skittles tiddlywinks 3. Uncountable Nouns Referring to Diseases Certain diseases end in -s  and, despite their plural form, are considered singular when it comes to verb agreement. These refer to medical conditions and should always take a singular verb. Examples : Measles  is common in young children. Diabetes  requires careful management. Here are some common uncountable nouns referring to diseases: diabetes measles mumps rabies rickets shingles Wrapping Up Uncountable nouns ending in -s  can be tricky at first glance. Despite their plural-looking forms, they are singular and require singular verbs. This quirk applies to subjects of study, activities, games, and diseases. By understanding these patterns, you can avoid common grammatical errors and speak more confidently. This topic could serve as a handy reference for students or language learners aiming to master English grammar's subtleties!   Here are the meanings of the words in your list: Acoustics  – The branch of physics concerned with the study of sound and how it is transmitted, produced, and received in different environments. Aerobics  – A form of physical exercise that involves rhythmic activities designed to increase the body's use of oxygen and improve cardiovascular fitness. Aerodynamics  – The study of how gases (especially air) interact with moving objects, such as the forces of air on aircraft and vehicles in motion. Aeronautics  – The science or practice of designing, building, and operating aircraft. It covers both theory and practical aspects of flight. Athletics  – Physical sports and games that involve running, jumping, throwing, and other competitive events aimed at improving physical fitness and performance. Classics  – The study of ancient Greek and Roman civilizations, including their languages (Greek and Latin), literature, philosophy, history, and culture. Economics  – The social science that studies how people, businesses, governments, and societies make choices about allocating resources, producing goods, and distributing wealth. Electronics  – The branch of physics and technology concerned with the design and application of devices, circuits, and systems that use electricity and electromagnetic waves to perform functions. Genetics  – The branch of biology that studies heredity, genes, and variation in living organisms, focusing on how traits are passed from parents to offspring. Gymnastics  – A sport involving exercises that require physical strength, flexibility, balance, and coordination, often performed on apparatus like the balance beam, rings, or parallel bars. Linguistics  – The scientific study of language, including its structure, meaning, history, and how languages change over time. Logistics  – The detailed planning and organization of complex operations, especially the movement of goods, services, and resources from one place to another. Mathematics  – The abstract science of numbers, quantities, shapes, and patterns, and how they are related and manipulated through equations and formulas. Mechanics  – The branch of physics that deals with the motion of objects and the forces that affect them, including both classical mechanics (Newton's laws) and modern interpretations (quantum mechanics). Obstetrics  – The field of medicine that deals with pregnancy, childbirth, and the care of women before, during, and after childbirth. Physics  – The fundamental science that studies matter, energy, forces, and the interactions between them, aiming to explain how the universe works at the most basic level. Politics  – The activities associated with governance, including decision-making processes, the creation and enforcement of laws, and the negotiation of power between different groups and individuals. Statistics  – The branch of mathematics that deals with collecting, analysing, interpreting, and presenting data, often used to make predictions and informed decisions. Thermodynamics  – The branch of physical science that studies heat, temperature, energy, and their transformations and relationships with matter. These terms cover a wide range of disciplines, from sciences and medicine to social studies and sports. Here are two sentences for each word: one using the word as singular (following the uncountable noun rule) and one using it as plural, when applicable. Acoustics The acoustics in this concert hall is incredible. The acoustics of different auditoriums vary greatly. Aerobics Aerobics is an excellent way to stay fit. Different types of aerobics are available, including water and dance aerobics. Aerodynamics Aerodynamics is crucial in designing efficient airplanes. The aerodynamics of various aircraft are being studied to improve fuel efficiency. Aeronautics Aeronautics is a fascinating field for those interested in flight. Advances in aeronautics have changed how planes are built today. Athletics Athletics is an important part of the school curriculum. The athletics of various countries are showcased in the Olympics. Classics Classics is a popular major for students interested in ancient history. The classics of Greek literature are still widely studied today. Economics Economics is essential to understanding global markets. His economics are based on free-market principles. Electronics Electronics is a growing field in today’s digital world. The electronics of modern devices are becoming more compact. Genetics Genetics is the key to understanding hereditary diseases. The genetics of various species are being studied for conservation. Gymnastics Gymnastics is a physically demanding sport. The gymnastics at this competition were impressive. Linguistics Linguistics is the study of language structure and development. His linguistics are focused on African languages. Logistics Logistics is vital to the smooth operation of supply chains. The logistics of international shipping are complex. Mathematics Mathematics is essential for engineering. His mathematics are impressive, especially in calculus. Mechanics Mechanics is a difficult subject for many students. The mechanics of this machine are outdated and need repairs. Obstetrics Obstetrics is a specialized branch of medicine. The obstetrics of rural hospitals are often under-resourced. Physics Physics is my favourite subject at school. His physics are heavily influenced by quantum mechanics. Politics Politics is a complicated field full of different opinions. His politics are not aligned with the party's official stance. Statistics Statistics is used in almost every field of research today. The statistics of the recent census are surprising. Thermodynamics Thermodynamics is a crucial concept in engineering. The thermodynamics of different systems are often studied to improve energy efficiency. Billiards Billiards is a popular pub game. The billiards in this room are of professional quality. Bowls Bowls is an enjoyable game for all ages. The bowls of various sizes were arranged for the competition. Cards Cards is a relaxing way to pass time with friends. The cards in this deck are beautifully designed. Darts Darts is a competitive game that requires great accuracy. The darts on the wall show how intense the game was. Draughts Draughts is known as checkers in some countries. The draughts on the board were in a winning position. Skittles Skittles is a traditional bowling game. The skittles were knocked over by the first throw. Tiddlywinks Tiddlywinks is a fun game for all ages. The tiddlywinks in this set are brightly colored. Diabetes Diabetes is a lifelong condition that requires careful management. Diabetes rates are increasing worldwide. Measles Measles is a contagious viral disease. Measles outbreaks have been reported in several regions. Mumps Mumps is more common in children than adults. Cases of mumps are becoming rarer due to vaccinations. Rabies Rabies is transmitted through the saliva of infected animals. Rabies outbreaks in certain areas are being controlled through vaccination programs. Rickets Rickets is caused by a lack of vitamin D. Rickets cases have declined due to better nutrition and awareness. Shingles Shingles is a painful condition caused by the chickenpox virus. Shingles cases are more common in older adults. These sentences illustrate the dual nature of many of these nouns, highlighting their singular use as uncountable nouns and how they can sometimes be treated as plural in certain contexts.   Here’s an exercise to test students' knowledge of uncountable nouns ending in -s: Exercise: Understanding Uncountable Nouns Ending in -s Part A: Singular or Plural? For each sentence below, choose the correct verb form (singular or plural). Mathematics  (is/are) the hardest subject for me. Gymnastics  (requires/require) a lot of strength and flexibility. Politics  (has/have) always been a controversial topic. Economics  (explains/explain) how markets operate. The acoustics  (was/were) perfect in the concert hall. Darts  (is/are) a fun game to play with friends. Statistics  (provides/provide) crucial data for the survey. Billiards  (is/are) often played in pubs. Diabetes  (affects/affect) millions of people worldwide. Mechanics  (helps/help) in understanding how engines work. Part B: Fill in the Blanks Complete the following sentences using the appropriate noun from the list provided. Each noun can be used only once. (acoustics, politics, diabetes, gymnastics, cards, measles, physics, thermodynamics, darts, linguistics) ________ is important in understanding sound engineering. In our school, ________ is a popular sport among students. The laws of ________ help us understand heat and energy. His ________ are too extreme for the rest of the group. ________ is required for building advanced technology. ________ is caused by high blood sugar levels. He is very good at playing ________, and he never misses the target. ________ is the study of languages and their development. ________ is a contagious disease often seen in children. Let’s play a game of ________ after dinner. Part C: Correct the Errors Each sentence below has a mistake with the use of the uncountable nouns ending in -s . Identify and correct the mistakes. The acoustics in this room are fantastic. Gymnastics are one of the hardest Olympic sports. His politics is very liberal. Billiards are played with a cue and a set of balls. Mathematics are essential for solving engineering problems. Answer Key : Part A: is requires has explains was is provides is affects helps   Part B: Acoustics Gymnastics Thermodynamics Politics Physics Diabetes Darts Linguistics Measles Cards Part C: The acoustics in this room is  fantastic. Gymnastics is  one of the hardest Olympic sports. His politics are  very liberal. Billiards is  played with a cue and a set of balls. Mathematics is  essential for solving engineering problems.

When writing or speaking in English, numbers, dates, and measurements follow certain rules that may vary depending on the context or geographical location. This post explores some common conventions and best practices to help avoid confusion, particularly for learners of English. Numbers and Measurements When using numbers, especially with units of measurement (distance, weight, quantity), certain grammatical structures need attention: Plural Forms : When referring to exact numbers, we don't pluralize "hundred," "thousand," or "million." However, if the number is vague, we can use plural forms: Correct: There were five hundred people at the event. Correct: Hundreds of people gathered at the festival. Quantities : Quantities are usually treated as singular: Five kilograms is a heavy load. 300 miles is a long distance. Order of Adjectives with Measurements : In English, the structure typically follows the pattern: verb + measurement + adjective. For example: The tower is 30 meters high. She is 5 feet tall. Percentages : When using percentages, we generally avoid the definite article ("the"): About 70% of the class passed the exam. Incorrect: About the 70% of the class... Fractions and Decimals : Fractions and decimals often require careful word order: One and a half liters of water is enough for today. 1.5 liters is too much for a single cup. Explanation: Fractions in words: One and a half liters of water is enough for today. Here, "one and a half"  is a fraction  expressed in words. When using fractions in sentences, we treat the whole fraction as a singular quantity  if it refers to a single measurement. That’s why the verb used is "is"  rather than "are." The phrase could be rewritten as "1.5 liters of water is enough for today," which means the same thing. The important rule here is that when a fraction is used with a unit of measurement, it behaves as a singular entity. Decimals in numerals: 1.5 liters is too much for a single cup. In this example, "1.5 liters"  is a decimal , and like fractions, it represents a singular amount. Therefore, the verb is "is." This sentence emphasizes that decimals , even though they might visually suggest multiple units, are treated as singular when they refer to a specific quantity or measurement. Why the Careful Word Order? In English, it’s important to place the quantity or measurement  before the adjective  that describes it. For example: One and a half liters is enough  (quantity + verb + description). If you reversed this, it would sound awkward or incorrect: Enough is one and a half liters. By following these rules, you ensure that your sentence sounds natural and grammatically correct when using fractions and decimals.     Dates Dates can be presented in various ways depending on the region. In most English-speaking countries, including the U.S., Canada, and the U.K., different formats may be preferred. Here’s a breakdown of common formats: U.K. and Australian Style  (Day/Month/Year): 14 October 2024 14/10/2024 U.S. Style  (Month/Day/Year): October 14, 2024 10/14/2024 ISO Standard  (Year/Month/Day), often used in scientific and technical writing: 2024/10/14 Ordinal Numbers : When writing out dates, it is acceptable to use ordinal numbers, but when typing, it’s best to avoid them: October 21st, 2024  (spoken) October 21, 2024  (written) Spans of Years : To indicate a range of years, use a dash: The war lasted from 1914-1918. His career spanned from 1985-2001. Financial or Academic Year : A slash is often used to indicate a financial or academic year: The fiscal year 2023/2024. Sports Scores and Results In sports, scores are presented without prepositions: They won 4-2. The final score was 3-1. Time and Temperature For time: It’s 3:30 p.m. The event starts at half-past six. For temperature: It’s 20 degrees Celsius outside. The soup needs to be heated to 180 degrees Fahrenheit. Tips for Writing Numbers Small Numbers in Words : Numbers from one to ten are usually written in words, while larger numbers are written as numerals: I have three books. She bought 15 apples. Large Numbers : Use commas to separate thousands: The population is 1,234,567. Hyphenate Compound Numbers : When writing out numbers from twenty-one to ninety-nine, hyphenate them: There are twenty-three students in the class. Understanding these basic principles helps in presenting information clearly and prevents confusion, particularly in international communication. Whether you’re discussing the distance between two places, the date of an important event, or the score of a match, clarity is key. Rules For Using Units of Currency The rules for using units of currency  are similar to the rules for units of measurement, but there are some specific nuances. Here’s a breakdown of how to use currency units in English: 1. Singular Form of Currency: When the amount is exactly one  (or less than one), the currency unit is singular . Examples: 1 dollar 0.5 dollar  ( half a dollar ) 1 euro 1 pound This rule also applies to fractions less than 1 (e.g., 0.75 dollar ) since they refer to part of a single unit. 2. Plural Form of Currency: When the amount is greater than 1  (including decimals and fractions), the currency unit is plural . Examples: 2 dollars 1.5 euros 10 pounds 25 rupees Any amount greater than one , whether a fraction or a whole number, uses the plural  form of the currency unit. 3. General Rules for Currency: Singular form  for exactly one  or when referring to amounts less than one . Plural form  for amounts greater than one , including decimals or fractions larger than 1. When currency symbols  are used (e.g., $ for dollars, € for euros), the singular/plural distinction still applies but is more implicit. Example: I need $1  (one dollar), I have $5  (five dollars). Key Examples: One dollar  (singular) Half a dollar  (singular, less than one) One and a half dollars  (plural, more than one) Two euros  (plural, more than one) 0.75 pound  (singular, less than one) 4. Special Case for Currencies Without Plurals: Some currencies, like Japanese yen , Chinese yuan , and Thai baht , do not have different plural forms. In these cases, the unit remains the same, whether singular or plural: 1 yen , 5 yen 1 yuan , 10 yuan In these instances, the singular and plural forms are identical, but the number still determines the verb and other grammatical choices. 5. Use of Cents/Pence/Subunits: For smaller units like cents  (for dollars, euros, etc.), the rules are the same. Examples: 0.25 dollar  (singular for less than one) 25 cents  (plural for more than one) 1 penny  (singular) vs. 50 pence  (plural, in British currency). Important Points: Singular when referring to exactly one unit  or less than one. Plural when referring to more than one unit , even with decimals or fractions. Some currencies do not have a plural form (e.g., yen, baht, yuan), but the amount still follows the singular/plural rule in terms of verb agreement. By keeping these rules in mind, you'll use currency units correctly in various contexts!   Three Lakh or Three Lakhs? The correct usage is "three lakh"  (without the plural "s"). Explanation: In Indian English, the word "lakh"  (which equals 100,000) typically remains singular  when used with numbers. This applies even for large numbers like two lakh , three lakh , or five lakh . The word "lakh" functions like other units of measurement or currency, where the plural form is not typically used after numbers (similar to "ten million" or "two hundred"). Correct Usage: "Three lakh"  (correct) "Three lakhs"  (incorrect) This follows the convention for large numbers in Indian English, where "lakh"  and "crore"  remain singular regardless of the number that precedes them.   Here’s an exercise on understanding numbers, dates, and measurements in English: This exercise will help reinforce the correct use of numbers, dates, and measurements in various contexts.   Exercise: Numbers, Dates, and Measurements A. Choose the correct option to complete the sentence: The meeting is scheduled for (May 5 / the 5th of May / 5 May) at 10 a.m. Three (kilometers / kilometer) is a long distance to walk. About (75% / the 75%) of the team attended the seminar. They won the match (2-1 / two to one / two and one). The distance between the two cities is (200 mile / 200 miles). (Millions / A million) of people watched the concert live. The bridge is (500 meters long / long 500 meters). (Ten thousands / Ten thousand) people signed the petition. B. Correct the errors in these sentences: The temperature is 30 degrees centigrade hot. He is tall 1.7 meters. The percentage of people who attended the event was the 85%. They finished the race in three hours and forty-five minutes. The final score was five to two. There were two hundreds people at the event. I got about the 90% of the answers correct. We are leaving on the 22th of July. C. Rewrite the following sentences using a different format for the dates: 14th September 2024 March 3, 2022 1/11/2020 (write in ISO format) 10/5/2023 (write in U.S. format) D. Fill in the blanks with the correct number or measurement: The room is ______ square meters. The population of the city is about ______ million. The marathon is ______ kilometers long. The building is ______ meters tall. The train journey will take ______ hours and ______ minutes. E. True or False: Mark each statement as True (T) or False (F): Fifty kilograms are too much for one person to lift. Three hundred dollars is a lot of money. The match ended with a score of two to zero. We are going on vacation on 10th January. He is two meters high tall. F. Short Answer: Write today’s date in two different formats. How do you express a score of 4-0 in words? What is the correct word order when describing the height of a building? What is the ISO format for the date March 15, 2025? Here are the answers to the exercise: A. Choose the correct option to complete the sentence: May 5  / the 5th of May / 5 May Three kilometers is a long distance to walk. About 75% of the team attended the seminar. They won the match 2-1 . The distance between the two cities is 200 miles . Millions of people watched the concert live. The bridge is 500 meters long . Ten thousand  people signed the petition. B. Correct the errors in these sentences: The temperature is 30 degrees Celsius . He is 1.7 meters tall . The percentage of people who attended the event was 85% . They finished the race in 3 hours and 45 minutes . The final score was five-one  (5-1). There were two hundred  people at the event. I got about 90%  of the answers correct. We are leaving on the 22nd  of July. C. Rewrite the following sentences using a different format for the dates: 14 September 2024  or September 14, 2024 3 March 2022  or March 3rd, 2022 2020-11-01 (ISO format) May 10, 2023  (U.S. format) D. Fill in the blanks with the correct number or measurement: The room is 50  square meters. The population of the city is about 2  million. The marathon is 42.195  kilometers long. The building is 300  meters tall. The train journey will take 2  hours and 30  minutes. E. True or False: Mark each statement as True (T) or False (F): False – Fifty kilograms is  too much for one person to lift. True – Three hundred dollars is  a lot of money. True – The match ended with a score of two to zero (2-0). True – We are going on vacation on 10th January. False – He is two meters tall  (not "high"). F. Short Answer: Today’s date  (assuming today is 11th October 2024): 11 October 2024  or October 11, 2024 4-0 in words is: four-nil . The correct word order when describing the height of a building is: The building is [number] meters tall . The ISO format for the date March 15, 2025 is: 2025-03-15 .

One of the most useful skills in English grammar is the ability to transform sentences without changing their meaning. A common transformation involves converting sentences with "as soon as" to "no sooner...than" . Both constructions express that one event happens immediately after another, but "no sooner...than" is used to add more emphasis or formal tone. In this blog post, we’ll explore the key differences between the two and guide you through transforming sentences from "as soon as"  to "no sooner...than" . Let’s dive in! Understanding the Structures 1. "As Soon As" Construction: The phrase "as soon as"  is used to indicate that one action happens immediately after another. It’s a straightforward way to express quick succession between two events. Example: As soon as the bell rang, the students left the classroom. This sentence tells us that the moment the bell rang, the students left — the two actions are closely linked. 2. "No Sooner...Than" Construction: On the other hand, "no sooner...than"  is more formal and emphasizes how quickly the second event follows the first. It requires a slight inversion of the subject and auxiliary verb. Example: No sooner had the bell rung than the students left the classroom. This construction emphasizes that the action happened almost immediately after the first event. The Transformation Process: Here are the steps to follow when transforming a sentence from "as soon as"  to "no sooner...than" . Step 1: Identify the Two Events Start by identifying the two events happening in the sentence. The first event is what happens first, and the second event is what follows immediately. Example: As soon as the rain started, they opened their umbrellas. Event 1: The rain started. Event 2: They opened their umbrellas. Step 2: Use "No Sooner" with an Auxiliary Verb When transforming, you need to use an auxiliary verb. If the original sentence already has one (like "had," "was," "have"), use the same. If there’s no auxiliary verb, use "did" for past tense sentences. Example: No sooner did the rain start than they opened their umbrellas. Step 3: Invert the Subject and Auxiliary Verb After "no sooner,"  invert the subject and the auxiliary verb (or use "did" as the auxiliary verb). This step is crucial to maintaining the correct sentence structure. Example: No sooner did they arrive than the concert began. (Notice the inversion: "did they arrive" instead of "they arrived.") Step 4: Add "Than" to Link the Two Events Always use "than"  after the first clause to connect the two events. This step finalizes the structure. Example: No sooner had the teacher entered the room than the students stood up. Examples of Transformations Now that we’ve covered the steps, let’s practice transforming some sentences: As Soon As: As soon as she heard the news, she called her friend. Transformation: No sooner did she hear the news than she called her friend. As Soon As: As soon as the match ended, the crowd erupted in cheers. Transformation: No sooner had the match ended than the crowd erupted in cheers. As Soon As: As soon as the movie started, the lights went out. Transformation: No sooner did the movie start than the lights went out. As Soon As: As soon as the storm passed, they resumed their journey. Transformation: No sooner had the storm passed than they resumed their journey. When to Use "No Sooner...Than" While both "as soon as"  and "no sooner...than"  are used to show quick succession of events, the choice between them depends on context and tone. You would generally prefer "as soon as"  in informal conversations and "no sooner...than" in more formal writing or to create emphasis. For instance, in a formal essay or report, "no sooner...than"  is often more suitable: No sooner had the company launched the product than it sold out. Whereas in everyday conversation, you might say: As soon as the company launched the product, it sold out. Quick Recap: The Rules for Transformation Identify the two events happening in sequence. Use "no sooner"  at the beginning of the sentence. Add an auxiliary verb ( did , had , etc.), and invert it with the subject. Use "than" to connect the two events. Practice Exercise: Transform These Sentences Now it’s your turn! Transform the following sentences from "as soon as"  to "no sooner...than" . As soon as the alarm went off, she woke up. As soon as the train arrived, we boarded. As soon as they finished dinner, they left for the party. As soon as the doctor entered, the patient started explaining his symptoms. As soon as I opened the door, the dog ran outside. Answers: No sooner did the alarm go off than she woke up. No sooner had the train arrived than we boarded. No sooner had they finished dinner than they left for the party. No sooner did the doctor enter than the patient started explaining his symptoms. No sooner did I open the door than the dog ran outside. Conclusion Learning how to transform sentences from "as soon as"  to "no sooner...than"  is a valuable skill, especially when writing in a more formal context or when you want to add emphasis. By mastering this transformation, you’ll be able to make your writing more varied and impactful. Keep practicing, and soon this transformation will feel natural and easy to use!

Photo Courtesy: https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fencrypted-tbn1.gstatic.com%2Flicensed-image%3Fq%3Dtbn%3AANd9GcRkjPpEI282w4wUIOk36Ob06VOkX-aPVLdM8uTcoQO4Rzl68dxaog6W6aPr_YuTRXGLccmCLUqgKfWPovk&psig=AOvVaw1rYoWVAq_iqaGJfZHdcBgp&ust=1727276536648000&source=images&cd=vfe&opi=89978449&ved=0CAMQjB1qFwoTCKjZnI-C3IgDFQAAAAAdAAAAABAE Early Life and Education Susan Hill was born in Scarborough, North Yorkshire, England . She later referenced her hometown in her works, such as A Change for the Better  and short stories like Cockles and Mussels . After attending Scarborough Convent School , Hill's family relocated to Coventry , where she attended Barr's Hill School . She developed a keen interest in literature and theatre during this time. At Barr’s Hill, she took A-levels in English, French, History, and Latin, before proceeding to King's College London  to earn a degree in English. By the time she entered university, she had already completed her first novel, The Enclosure , which was published during her first year at college. Writing Career Susan Hill’s writing is best known for its gothic and suspenseful style. Her most iconic work, The Woman in Black  (1983), has become a staple in British ghost story literature. This atmospheric novel was successfully adapted into a long-running West End play and multiple screen versions, including the 2012 Hammer Films production starring Daniel Radcliffe. The success of The Woman in Black  solidified Hill’s reputation as a master of ghost stories, often drawing comparisons to authors like M.R. James  and Daphne du Maurier . In addition to The Woman in Black , Hill has written other acclaimed ghost stories, such as The Mist in the Mirror  (1992) and The Man in the Picture  (2007). Her novels blend eerie atmosphere with psychological depth, creating haunting narratives that linger with readers. Apart from her ghost stories, Hill is also known for her Simon Serrailler  crime series, which debuted in 2004 with The Various Haunts of Men . The series, featuring a recurring detective character, has been well-received for its intricate plots and character development. She published the latest installment in the series, A Change of Circumstance , in 2021. Hill has written many novels, short stories, non-fiction works, and children's literature. Notable among her works are I'm the King of the Castle  (1970), which won the Somerset Maugham Award , and The Bird of Night  (1972), which was shortlisted for the Booker Prize . In the 1990s, Hill founded her own publishing company, Long Barn Books , through which she has published several works. Style and Themes Susan Hill’s writing is known for its descriptive, gothic style , and her ghost stories typically focus on building suspense through atmosphere rather than relying on graphic horror. She often explores themes of psychological trauma, loss, and isolation , with settings that are vividly described to enhance the eerie and unsettling mood of her narratives. She draws inspiration from classic English ghost stories, adding her own modern twist. Hill’s non-ghost novels often delve into human emotions and relationships, such as in Strange Meeting  (1971), which is set during World War I and deals with themes of friendship and the horrors of war. Adaptations The Woman in Black  has been one of Hill’s most successfully adapted works. The stage play, adapted by Stephen Mallatratt in 1987, ran for over three decades in the West End, making it one of the longest-running plays in British theatre history. The 2012 film adaptation became the most successful British horror film in over 30 years. Hill also wrote the screenplay for a sequel to The Woman in Black , The Woman in Black: Angel of Death , which was released in 2014. She has written a sequel to Daphne du Maurier's Rebecca  titled Mrs de Winter  (1993), showcasing her skill in reinterpreting classic tales. Personal Life Hill was engaged to David Lepine , organist at Coventry Cathedral , but he tragically passed away in 1972. In 1975, she married Stanley Wells , a distinguished Shakespeare scholar, and they had three daughters. Tragically, their second daughter, Imogen, died in infancy. Hill’s personal life took a turn in 2013 when she separated from Wells and entered into a relationship with Barbara Machin , the creator of Waking the Dead . The relationship ended in 2016. Honors and Recognition Susan Hill’s contributions to literature have earned her several honours. In 2012, she was appointed Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE)  for services to literature, and in 2020, she was promoted to Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire (DBE) . Throughout her career, she has been widely recognized for her literary achievements and her significant influence on both gothic fiction and crime writing. Legacy With a writing career that spans more than five decades, Susan Hill continues to influence both readers and writers. Her distinctive style, atmospheric storytelling, and ability to craft chilling narratives have made her a beloved figure in the realm of gothic and ghost fiction. Hill’s The Woman in Black  remains a cornerstone of modern British ghost literature, and her Simon Serrailler crime series ensures her continued relevance in contemporary fiction.   Bibliography 2014     The Soul of Discretion 2013     Black Sheep 2012     Dolly 2012     A Question of Identity 2011     The Betrayal of Trust 2011     A Kind Man 2010     The Small Hand 2010     The Shadows in the Street 2009     Howards End is on the Landing 2008     The Battle for Gullywith 2008     The Vows of Silence 2008     The Beacon 2007     The Man in the Picture 2006     Farthing House: And Other Stories 2006     The Risk of Darkness 2005     The Pure in Heart 2004     The Various Haunts of Men 2003     The Boy Who Taught the Beekeeper to Read 1998     The Service of Clouds 1997     Listening to the Orchestra 1997     The Second Penguin Book of Modern Women's Short Stories 1995     Contemporary Women's Short Stories 1995     Reflections from a Garden 1994     The Christmas Collection 1994     Pirate Poll 1993     Mrs de Winter 1993     King of Kings 1993     Beware, Beware 1992     The Mist in the Mirror: A Ghost Story 1992     A Very Special Birthday 1991     The Penguin Book of Modern Women's Short Stories 1991     The Glass Angels 1991     Air and Angels 1990     Ghost Stories 1990     The Parchment Man: An Anthology of Modern Women's Short Stories 1990     Stories from Codling Village 1990I    Won't Go There Again 1990     Septimus Honeydew 1990     The Walker Book of Ghost Stories 1989     Family 1989     Suzy's Shoes 1988     Can It Be True?: A Christmas Story 1988     The Spirit of the Cotswolds 1987     Lanterns Across the Snow 1987     Shakespeare Country 1986     The Lighting of the Lamps 1986     Mother's Magic 1985     The Ramshackle Company 1984     One Night at a Time 1983     People: Essays and Poems 1983     The Woman in Black 1983     Ghost Stories 1982     The Magic Apple Tree: A Country Year 1980     New Stories 1979     The Distracted Preacher and Other Stories by Thomas Hardy Awards 2006     Theakston's Old Peculier Crime Novel of the Year 1988     Nestlé Smarties Book Prize (Gold Award) 1972     Mail on Sunday/John Llewellyn Rhys Prize 1972     Whitbread Novel Award 1971     Somerset Maugham Award

Verbs are the dynamic force behind sentences, conveying action, mood, and time. But not all verbs operate the same way. In this post, we’ll explore non-finite verbs —those that don’t express tense on their own but still perform key functions in sentences. Specifically, we’ll also look at a special type called the perfect participle , a powerful tool in advanced sentence construction. What Are Non-Finite Verbs? Non-finite verbs  are verbs that do not indicate tense, person, or number. They remain unchanged regardless of when the action occurs or who is performing it. These verbs cannot function as the main verb in a sentence but often serve as complements or modifiers to other verbs. Non-finite verbs come in three main forms: Infinitives : e.g., to write, to sing Gerunds : e.g., writing, singing Participles : e.g., written, sung  (past participle) or writing, singing (present participle) In addition, there is a special form of participle known as the perfect participle  that we’ll cover below. Types of Non-Finite Verbs Infinitives The infinitive is the base form of a verb, usually preceded by "to." In some cases, "to" is dropped, such as after modal verbs like can  or should . Examples : To swim is refreshing. She loves to read . You must finish  the task by noon. Gerunds Gerunds are verb forms ending in -ing that act as nouns. They can be the subject or object of a sentence. Examples : Swimming is great exercise. I enjoy reading  historical novels. They talked about going  on vacation. Participles Participles can be either present (ending in -ing) or past (typically ending in -ed, or irregular forms such as eaten  or driven ). They are used to create tenses, modify nouns, or form adjectives. Examples : Present Participle: The singing  bird is beautiful. Past Participle: The broken  window needs repair. Introducing the Perfect Participle The perfect participle  is another important form of non-finite verb, consisting of having  + the past participle. It is used to show that one action was completed before another action took place. Essentially, the perfect participle combines the ideas of completion and sequence. Structure: Having + past participle (e.g., having eaten , having finished , having studied ) Usage: The perfect participle often appears in participial phrases to explain a sequence of events where one action is finished before another begins. It emphasizes that the first action is complete. Examples : Having finished  his homework, he went out to play. ( Finishing the homework occurred before going out to play. ) Having read  the book, she wrote a review. ( Reading the book happened before writing the review. ) Having won  the race, he celebrated with his team. ( Winning the race came first, then the celebration. ) Key Points: The perfect participle emphasizes that the first action is completed before another starts. It’s often used in formal writing or to make writing more sophisticated by creating complex relationships between actions. Non-Finite Verbs vs. Finite Verbs Here’s a quick comparison: Finite Verbs : These verbs indicate tense and are influenced by the subject of the sentence. Example: She plays  the piano. Non-Finite Verbs : These do not change based on tense or subject and remain the same regardless of when the action occurs. Example: She likes to play  the piano. Common Uses of Non-Finite Verbs Infinitives are often used to express purpose, intention, or result. Example: I went to the store to buy  groceries. Gerunds function as nouns, often serving as the subject or object. Example: Running  is my favourite hobby. Participles help form verb tenses or act as adjectives to provide additional detail. Example: The fallen  leaves covered the ground. Perfect Participles  clarify a sequence of actions, showing that one action is completed before another begins. Example: Having completed  the task, she took a break. Why Master Non-Finite Verbs? Non-finite verbs give you flexibility in sentence structure, enabling you to convey more complex ideas with fewer words. Here’s why they matter: Variety : They help you avoid repetitive sentence structures. Clarity : Perfect participles, for instance, let you clarify sequences of actions concisely. Complexity : Using non-finite verbs, especially participles and infinitives, makes your writing more sophisticated and nuanced. Conclusion Non-finite verbs are crucial for constructing clear, varied, and engaging sentences. From infinitives and gerunds to participles and perfect participles, each form allows you to express ideas in unique ways. Whether you're describing simultaneous actions, explaining purposes, or laying out sequences, non-finite verbs give your language richness and precision. Keep practicing, and soon non-finite verbs—especially the perfect participle—will be a natural part of your writing toolkit! Exercise: Identifying and Using Non-Finite Verbs Instructions : Identify the non-finite verbs in the following sentences and specify whether they are infinitives , gerunds , present participles , past participles , or perfect participles . Then, rewrite the sentences by adding your own non-finite verbs. Part 1: Identify the Non-Finite Verbs Having finished  his assignment, John went out for a walk. I enjoy reading  mystery novels in my free time. The teacher wants the students to complete  their homework on time. Running late for the meeting, she hurried out of the house. Fascinated by the movie, the audience sat in silence. Part 2: Rewrite the Sentences For each of the sentences below, add one or more non-finite verbs (infinitives, gerunds, or participles) to enhance the sentence. You can be creative! Maria loves ____________ in the park every morning. ____________ the exam, the students felt relieved. They left the room after ____________ their project. Jack hopes ____________ a famous musician someday. The children were excited about ____________ to the amusement park. Part 3: Fill in the Blanks with the Correct Non-Finite Verb Form ____________ (to learn) new languages is a rewarding experience. ____________ (having write) several essays, she felt confident in her writing skills. The food ____________ (to cook) by the chef was delicious. ____________ (to swim) is a great way to stay fit. The __________ (having solve) the puzzle, the team celebrated their victory.

When it comes to giving permission or facilitating actions, the words "allow," "enable," "permit," and "let" are often used. While they share similar meanings, they each have unique nuances in terms of formality and context. In this post, we'll explore how these words are used, along with example sentences and exercises to help you master their usage. Key Differences in Usage: Allow Meaning : To give permission. Formality : Neutral, can be used in both formal and informal contexts. Structure : Usually followed by a personal object and the infinitive form (to + verb). Example : "The manager allowed the employees to leave  early." Permit Meaning : To formally allow something. Formality : More formal than "allow." Structure : Often used with an object and the infinitive form. It is common in official or formal contexts. Example : "Smoking is not permitted in this area." Enable Meaning : To make something possible or easier; facilitate. Formality : Formal. Structure : Followed by the infinitive or a passive construction, often used when talking about systems, tools, or abilities. Example : "This software enables calculations to be made quickly." Let Meaning : To allow or give permission in a less formal way. Formality : Informal. Structure : Requires the infinitive without "to" and is not used in the passive voice. Example : "Her parents let her go  out with her friends." Common Mistakes to Avoid: Using "let" with "to": Incorrect : "He let me to leave." | Correct : "He let me leave." "Enable" cannot be used for permission: You can’t say, "The teacher enabled us to leave early." Instead, say, "The teacher allowed us to leave early." Always follow "permit"  and "allow"  with the infinitive form when referring to actions: "They allowed her to speak ," not "They allowed her speak." Exercises Choose the Correct Form: The teacher allowed the students (use / to use)  their notes during the test. The app enables users (order / to order)  food online. Smoking is not (permitting / permitted)  in the building. This new feature allows you (to create / creating)  multiple accounts easily. They were not permitted (leave / to leave)  the premises. Correct the Mistakes: Her parents let her to stay  out late. The law permits people trade  on holidays. This function enables to calculate  results automatically. You are not allowed using  your phone during the lecture. The software lets you to export  the file in different formats. Explanation and Tips: Allow and Permit  are often interchangeable but "permit" tends to be more formal and is frequently found in legal or official contexts. Example : "The park allows visitors to picnic" vs. "The law permits citizens to vote." Enable is more about making something possible rather than giving direct permission. It's often used in technical contexts. Example : "The update enables the program to run faster." Let is the least formal and is commonly used in everyday speech. Unlike "allow" or "permit," it is not used in the passive voice. Example : "The coach let the players practice for an extra hour." By understanding these distinctions and practicing, you'll be able to use "allow," "permit," "enable," and "let" confidently in both written and spoken English.

These three verbs— advise , recommend , and suggest —can sometimes cause confusion when it comes to their correct usage. Let’s break down how each one works with practical examples and guidelines. Common Mistakes to Watch Out For: Can you suggest me a place to go? ❌ Incorrect. ✔️ Correct: Can you suggest a place for me to go? OR: Can you suggest where I should go? I advise to see a lawyer. ❌ Incorrect. ✔️ Correct: I advise you to see a lawyer. He recommended her to see a doctor. ❌ Incorrect. ✔️ Correct: He recommended that she should see a doctor. I recommend to identify some key points to remember. ❌ Incorrect. ✔️ Correct: I recommend identifying some key points to remember OR: I recommend that we should identify some key points. We suggest you to come with us. ❌ Incorrect. ✔️ Correct: We suggest that you (should) come with us. They suggested to use Google Translate. ❌ Incorrect. ✔️ Correct: They suggested using Google Translate. Practical Examples: “Why don’t you see a doctor?” He suggested/recommended that she should see a doctor. He advised her to see a doctor. “Why don’t we all go out for a drink?” He suggested that we should all go out for a drink. He suggested going out for a drink. “What can I do? Where can I go?” Can you suggest/recommend what I could do and where I could go? Can you suggest somewhere for me to go? Can you advise me where to go? Guidelines to Follow: Suggest doing something Use this when the subject is involved in the action. Example:  He suggested going for coffee (he's coming too). Suggest (that) someone (should) do something Use this when you're giving advice to someone else. Example:  They suggested that I should go see a doctor. You can also use this form when the person making the suggestion is involved. Example:  He suggested that we should all go get coffee. Recommend works similarly to suggest . Example:  He recommended that we should try the new restaurant. Advise someone to do something Example:  They advised us to go by train. Practice with These Exercises: Choose the correct form for each sentence below: What do you suggest that I should do / me to do? They advised to get / us to get there early. Health experts recommend reducing / to reduce / that we reduce our intake of salt. He advised seeing / me to see his dentist. I suggest you to go / that you should go there. He recommended to me a bar on the high street / a bar on the high street (to me). We suggest doing / to do this at least once a day. I recommend to follow / following these instructions very carefully. I suggest you to study / you should study more. They advised to not have contact / us not to have contact with her again. Answers: that I should do us to get that we reduce / reducing me to see that you should go a bar on the high street to me doing following you should study us not to have contact Use these guidelines to master these tricky verbs and improve your writing and speaking skills!

The term "sanctuary" has a rich history, both in its literal and metaphorical meanings. Meaning Literal Meaning : A sanctuary is a place of refuge or safety. It often refers to a sacred place, such as a church or temple, where individuals are protected from harm or persecution. In religious contexts, sanctuaries are holy spaces where worship and rituals are conducted. Figurative Meaning : Sanctuary can also refer to any place that offers protection, safety, or peace. For example, a person might refer to their home as a sanctuary, meaning it is a place where they feel safe and secure. Origin of the Term The word "sanctuary" comes from the Latin word "sanctuarium," which is derived from "sanctus," meaning "holy." In ancient times, a sanctuary was considered a holy place where the divine was present, and it was often associated with temples and religious sites. Historical Context Ancient Temples : In ancient civilizations, such as in Greece, Rome, and Egypt, temples served as sanctuaries. These were not only places of worship but also offered protection to individuals seeking refuge. For example, in ancient Rome, those who sought asylum in a temple were under the protection of the gods, and it was considered a grave offense to harm someone within its walls. Medieval Churches : During the medieval period in Europe, churches and cathedrals served as sanctuaries where people could seek asylum. If someone was fleeing from the law or persecution, they could claim sanctuary by entering a church. The concept of "sanctuary" was legally recognized, and those within the church walls were often granted protection from arrest or execution, at least temporarily. Modern Usage : The concept of sanctuary has evolved over time. Today, it is used in various contexts, including wildlife sanctuaries (protected areas for animals), sanctuary cities (cities that limit cooperation with immigration enforcement), and personal sanctuaries (places where individuals find peace and comfort). The idea of sanctuary as a place of safety and protection has persisted through history, rooted in both religious and cultural traditions.     The Power of Nature's Sanctuary Nature, with its raw beauty and unblemished serenity, holds a special place in the realm of sanctuary. I embarked on a journey to explore the wilderness, seeking solace in the whispers of the wind and the rustle of leaves. In the heart of a dense forest, I found a sanctuary unlike any other. The towering trees stood tall, forming a canopy that filtered the sunlight into a gentle dappled glow. Birds serenaded me with their timeless melodies, and the earth beneath my feet felt solid and reassuring. In the cradle of nature's sanctuary, I discovered a sense of peace that resonated deep within my soul. Sanctuary Within: The Power of Self-Reflection Amidst the chaos of modern life, it is easy to overlook the sanctuary that exists within ourselves. Through moments of self-reflection and introspection, I uncovered a wellspring of strength and resilience that had long been dormant. Meditative practices and mindfulness rituals became my sanctuary, a sacred space where I could cultivate inner peace and harmony. The journey inward revealed hidden truths and untapped potential, transforming my perception of sanctuary from a physical place to a state of mind. Embracing the Sanctuary of Community Beyond individual sanctuaries lies the power of community, where collective strength and support create a haven for all. I immersed myself in community projects and volunteer work, discovering the profound sense of fulfillment that comes from contributing to a greater cause. In the laughter of friends and the shared moments of triumph and tribulation, I found a sanctuary that extended far beyond the confines of physical space. The sanctuary of community, with its bonds of camaraderie and empathy, became a beacon of hope and unity in a fragmented world. The Ever-Evolving Meaning of Sanctuary As my journey of discovery continues, I realize that the concept of sanctuary is fluid and ever-evolving. It adapts to the changing landscapes of our lives, offering solace in times of need and guiding us towards light in moments of darkness. Sanctuary is not merely a place; it is a feeling, a state of being that transcends boundaries and unites us in our shared humanity. Join me as we unravel the untold tales of sanctuary, each narrative a unique tapestry woven from the threads of our experiences and emotions. Let us embrace the sanctuary within and around us, cherishing the moments of peace and connection that enrich our lives and nourish our souls. In the sanctuary of our collective stories, we find a common thread that binds us together—a thread woven with love, compassion, and the enduring spirit of humanity. May we always seek sanctuary in the simple joys, the profound connections, and the infinite possibilities that abound in this wondrous tapestry of life.

Today, we celebrate the life and legacy of St. Ignatius of Loyola, a visionary whose influence extends far beyond his time. As the founder of the Society of Jesus, also known as the Jesuits, St. Ignatius's impact on education, spirituality, and social justice continues to inspire and guide millions around the world. The Early Life and Spiritual Awakening Born in 1491 in the Basque region of Spain, St. Ignatius was initially a soldier with dreams of chivalry and glory. However, a severe injury in battle led him to a prolonged period of recovery, during which he experienced a profound spiritual awakening. This transformative period inspired him to dedicate his life to God and to the service of others. The Founding of the Society of Jesus In 1540, St. Ignatius founded the Society of Jesus with a group of like-minded companions. The Jesuits quickly became known for their commitment to education, intellectual rigor, and missionary work. St. Ignatius emphasized the importance of discernment, spiritual exercises, and a deep personal relationship with God, which formed the core of Jesuit spirituality. Ignatian Values in Education One of the most enduring legacies of St. Ignatius is his contribution to education. Jesuit schools, colleges, and universities around the world are renowned for their holistic approach to education, which seeks to develop not only the mind but also the character and spirit of students. Ignatian education is characterized by a commitment to academic excellence, ethical leadership, and a deep sense of social responsibility. The Early Life and Spiritual Awakening of St. Ignatius of Loyola St. Ignatius's "Spiritual Exercises" are a cornerstone of his spiritual legacy. This set of meditations, prayers, and contemplative practices is designed to help individuals discern God's presence in their lives and make choices aligned with their deepest values and desires. Exercises are not just a guide for religious life but a tool for personal growth and transformation, accessible to people of all faiths and backgrounds. A Call to Service and Justice Central to the Ignatian ethos is a commitment to social justice and service to others. Jesuits and their collaborators work tirelessly in various fields, from education and healthcare to human rights and environmental advocacy. St. Ignatius's vision of "finding God in all things" calls for an active engagement with the world, seeking to promote peace, justice, and the common good. Conclusion: Continuing the Legacy As we celebrate Loyola Day, we honor not only the life of St. Ignatius but also the ongoing mission of the Jesuits and their partners. His teachings challenge us to look beyond ourselves, to seek truth, and to work for a more just and compassionate world. Whether through education, spiritual growth, or social action, the legacy of St. Ignatius continues to inspire and guide us toward a brighter future. Let us carry forward his spirit of discernment, service, and love, striving to make a positive impact in our communities and beyond. Happy Loyola Day!