Two Gentlemen of Verona
A Story of Silent Heroism and Selfless Love
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What makes someone a true gentleman? Is it wealth, manners, or perhaps the way they dress and speak? In A.J. Cronin’s poignant short story “Two Gentlemen of Verona,” we are reminded that real nobility often hides in the most unexpected places.
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Set in Verona, a city recovering from the wounds of World War II, the story introduces us to two young boys—Nicola and Jacopo. They defy the notion of conventional heroes, as they roam barefoot in tattered clothes, selling strawberries to tourists. Yet, beneath their innocent smiles, there exists a profound depth of character that leaves the visiting English narrator astonished.
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Nicola and Jacopo take up every job they can find—selling newspapers, polishing shoes, running errands—just to make ends meet. Their days are long and their earnings meagre, but they never complain. Their dedication and discipline baffle the narrator, who wonders why they push themselves so hard.
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Challenge your knowledge with our quizzes on 'Two Gentlemen of Verona'. Assess your understanding of the plot, characters, and themes, all while improving your literary analysis skills. Have fun you learn!
Summary of Two Gentlemen of Verona
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Summary of Two Gentlemen of Verona
Two Gentlemen of Verona by A.J. Cronin is a touching short story about two young boys, Nicola and Jacopo, who display remarkable resilience and selflessness. The story is set in Verona, Italy, in the aftermath of World War II.
The narrator, a visitor to Verona, encounters the two brothers selling strawberries. Impressed by their sincerity and hard work, he observes them engaging in various small jobs—selling newspapers, polishing shoes, running errands—to earn a living. Despite their struggles, they remain cheerful and determined.
Curious about their relentless efforts, the narrator follows them to a hospital, where he discovers that they are taking care of their ailing sister, Lucia, who is suffering from tuberculosis. Their devotion to their sister deeply moves him, revealing the true meaning of selflessness, love, and sacrifice.
Word Meanings from Two Gentlemen of Verona
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Strawberries – A small, red, sweet fruit.
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Shabby – Worn out or untidy.
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Earnestly – With sincere and serious intent.
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Virtuous – Having good moral qualities.
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Slender – Thin and graceful.
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Pavement – A hard surface for walking.
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Proportion – A part of a whole; balance.
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Eagerness – A strong desire or enthusiasm.
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Persistence – The ability to keep going despite difficulties.
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Hospitable – Friendly and welcoming to guests.
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Grateful – Feeling thankful.
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Patron – A customer or supporter.
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Tattered – Torn and in poor condition.
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Occupied – Being busy or engaged with something.
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War-ravaged – Damaged by war.
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Dejected – Feeling sad or hopeless.
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Admiration – A feeling of respect and liking.
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Ruins – The remains of something destroyed.
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Laboriously – Requiring hard work and effort.
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Reckless – Without thinking of consequences.
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Timidly – In a shy or nervous manner.
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Pathetically – In a way that causes pity.
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Resilience – The ability to recover quickly from difficulties.
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Sacrifice – Giving up something valuable for others.
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Compassion – Sympathy and concern for others.
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Destitute – Extremely poor.
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Valiant – Brave and courageous.
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Benevolent – Kind and generous.
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Wretched – Miserable and unfortunate.
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Determination – Strong will to achieve something.
Critical Analysis
Here's a critical analysis of the short story “Two Gentlemen of Verona” by A.J. Cronin,
Critical Analysis of “Two Gentlemen of Verona” by A.J. Cronin
A.J. Cronin’s “Two Gentlemen of Verona” is a poignant narrative that explores the themes of selflessness, resilience, dignity, and familial love, all wrapped in the unassuming personalities of two young boys, Nicola and Jacopo. Set in post-war Italy, the story unfolds as a moving account of youthful courage and quiet heroism that challenges the conventional definition of a "gentleman."
Human Spirit Amid Adversity
At the heart of the story lies the remarkable endurance of the two brothers who, despite their tender age and impoverished condition, work tirelessly to care for their ailing sister. Their hard-earned independence and determination symbolize the unconquerable human spirit in the face of war and suffering. Cronin uses their modest occupations—polishing shoes, selling fruit, and running errands—not to evoke pity, but to highlight their industrious nature and unflinching commitment to responsibility.
Irony and Subtlety
The title of the story is deeply ironic. The term “gentleman” traditionally conjures images of wealth, education, and polish. However, Cronin turns this notion on its head by portraying the two ragged, destitute boys as true gentlemen, whose sense of duty, honour, and sacrifice far surpasses any superficial social decorum. Through this subtle irony, Cronin urges readers to reassess their understanding of nobility.
Narrative Perspective and Discovery
The first-person narration by the visiting author allows for a gradual discovery of the boys’ lives. The narrator, like the readers, initially perceives them as ordinary street urchins. But through a series of encounters—culminating in the visit to the countryside hospital—the narrator and the reader are led to a profound realization of the boys’ inner strength and maturity. This shift in perspective is crucial; it mimics the way we often fail to see the full story behind people's actions and appearances.
Emotional Depth and Pathos
Cronin masterfully evokes pathos without being sentimental. The boys never complain or seek sympathy. Their silence about their struggles and their refusal to disclose their personal hardships add a layer of dignity and emotional complexity. Lucia’s illness and their dedication to her care act as the emotional anchor of the story, humanizing the backdrop of war without indulging in melodrama.
Themes of War and Its Aftermath
Although war is not the central focus, its aftermath pervades the narrative. The boys are orphaned by the war, their home is destroyed, and their sister is left ailing. Yet, instead of bitterness or anger, the boys respond with an admirable sense of purpose. Cronin thus uses their story to critique the cost of war while also celebrating the quiet victories of the human heart.
Conclusion
“Two Gentlemen of Verona” is a touching tribute to the resilience of the human spirit and the capacity for selfless love. Through the quiet strength of Nicola and Jacopo, Cronin presents a new definition of nobility—one that is not born of status, but of sacrifice, sincerity, and service to others. The story leaves a lasting impression, prompting readers to look beyond appearances and recognize the true worth of individuals.
Questions & Answers
4. Based on your reading of the story answer the following questions by ticking the correct options.
(i) What was the reason for the driver's disapproval of the narrator buying fruit from the two boys?
A. The boys were untidy and poorly dressed.
B. The strawberries were not fresh.
C. The boys were asking for a heavy price
D. The driver did not approve of small boys who worked.
(ii) What impressed the narrator the most about the boys?
Their_____________
A. desire to earn money
B. willingness to work
C. ability to perform many tasks
D. sense of fun
(iii) Jacopo asked the narrator to drive them to Poleta Why was Nicola uncomfortable with it?
A. Did not want a stranger to become involved with their plans.
B. Preferred going to Poleta by train so that he could enjoy the scenery.
C. Did not want to ask anyone for favours.
D. Preferred avoiding help from someone he did not know well.
(iv) The narrator decided against going inside Lucia's room as
A. he did not want to intrude into the privacy of those inside
B. he thought that the boys would object
C. he felt that Lucia would not welcome a stranger
D. he did not want the boys to feel he was spying on the
(v) The author chose to remain silent on their return journey because he thought the boys
A. would prefer to keep their secret
B. were ashamed of their sister's condition
C. would avoid telling him the truth
D. might ask him for money for their sister
Here are the answers to the multiple-choice questions based on “Two Gentlemen of Verona”:
(i) What was the reason for the driver's disapproval of the narrator buying fruit from the two boys?
✅ A. The boys were untidy and poorly dressed.
(ii) What impressed the narrator the most about the boys? Their...
✅ B. willingness to work
(iii) Jacopo asked the narrator to drive them to Poleta. Why was Nicola uncomfortable with it?
✅ A. Did not want a stranger to become involved with their plans.
(iv) The narrator decided against going inside Lucia's room as...
✅ A. he did not want to intrude into the privacy of those inside
(v) The author chose to remain silent on their return journey because he thought the boys...
✅ A. would prefer to keep their secret
More Questions and Answers
5. Read the extracts given below and answer the questions that follow.
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As we made the rounds, my interest was again provoked by their remarkable
demeanour. They were childish enough, and in many ways quite artless. Jacopo
was as lively as a squirrel. Nicola's smile was steady and engaging. Yet in both
their boyish faces there was a seriousness which was far beyond their years. In
the week which followed we saw them frequently, for they proved extremely useful
to us.
(i) We can say that the demeanour of the two boys was remarkable because they
Were___________________
Select the correct option.
A. innocent but clever
B. lively but serious
C. young but mature
D. childish but engaging
(ii) What does the writer wish to imply via the comparison of Jacopo to a squirrel?
(iii) How did the boys prove useful for the narrator and his companion? Select the most appropriate option.
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Brought them newspapers.
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Guided them to good restaurants.
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Found American cigarettes for them.
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Sold fruits to them.
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(1), (3) and (5)
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(2), (3) and (4)
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(1), (2) and (5)
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(1), (2) and (4)
(iv) Select the suitable word from the extract, to complete the following.
happy : sad :: pacify :_______________
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provoke
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remarkable
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steady
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engage
(v) Select a phrase from the extract that means the same as, 'to circulate'
Answers
Here are the answers to the extract-based questions from “Two Gentlemen of Verona”:
(i) We can say that the demeanour of the two boys was remarkable because they were
✅ C. young but mature
(ii) What does the writer wish to imply via the comparison of Jacopo to a squirrel?
Answer:
The writer implies that Jacopo was lively, energetic, quick in movement, and full of enthusiasm, just like a squirrel. This comparison brings out his playful and active nature.
(iii) How did the boys prove useful for the narrator and his companion?
✅ D. (1), (2) and (4)
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They brought them newspapers
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Guided them to good restaurants
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Sold fruits to them
(iv) Select the suitable word from the extract, to complete the following:
happy : sad :: pacify : ____
✅ A. provoke
(“Provoke” is the opposite of “pacify” just as “sad” is the opposite of “happy.”)
(v) Select a phrase from the extract that means the same as "to circulate."
✅ “made the rounds”
("Made the rounds" means to go from place to place or circulate through an area.)
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I said, "Nicola, the way you and Jacopo work, you must earn quite a bit. You spend nothing on clothes. You eat little enough ... when I see you have a meal it's usually black bread and figs. Tell me, what do you with your money?" He coloured deeply under his sunburn, then grew pale. He looked to the ground. "You must be saving up to emigrate to America," I suggested. He looked at me sideways, spoke with an effort.
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What does the narrator's remark' ... the way you and Jacopo work ... ' refer to?
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Sale of certain products.
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Manner of working.
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Readiness to lend aid.
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Open to doing add jobs.
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How did the narrator's question impact Nicola?
It made him feel_________________
A. surprised
B. embarrassed
C. confused
D. scared
(iii) State one aspect that might have led the narrator to think that the boys must be saving to emigrate to America.
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Which of the following remarks shows that the narrator observed things keenly?
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'The way you and Jacopo work, you must earn quite a bit.'
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'When I see you have a meal it's usually black bread and figs.'
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'What do you do with your money?'
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'You must be saving up to emigrate to America.'
(v) What does the sunburn help you deduce about Nicola?
Answers
Here are the answers and explanations for the second extract from “Two Gentlemen of Verona”:
(i) What does the narrator's remark "…the way you and Jacopo work…" refer to?
✅ D. Open to doing odd jobs
The narrator is referring to the boys' willingness to take up any job—shoe-shining, selling newspapers, running errands—to earn money.
(ii) How did the narrator's question impact Nicola?
✅ B. embarrassed
Nicola "coloured deeply under his sunburn, then grew pale"—clear signs of discomfort and embarrassment.
(iii) State one aspect that might have led the narrator to think that the boys must be saving to emigrate to America.
Answer:
The boys earned money through constant work, yet spent very little on food and clothes. This frugality led the narrator to assume they were saving for something big—perhaps emigration to America, which was a common dream post-war.
(iv) Which of the following remarks shows that the narrator observed things keenly?
✅ B. "When I see you have a meal it's usually black bread and figs."
This line shows the narrator noticed not only their eating habits but also the simplicity and repetition of their meals.
(v) What does the sunburn help you deduce about Nicola?
Answer:
The sunburn suggests that Nicola spends long hours working outdoors, which reflects his hardworking nature, endurance, and dedication.
6. What do you understand by the following statements?
a) "We do many things, sir," Nicola answered seriously. He glanced at us hopefully.
b) He smiled uncomfortably. "Just plans, sir," he answered in a low voice.
c) Yet in both these boyish faces there was a seriousness which was far beyond their years.
ANSWERS
Here are explanations for each of the given statements from “Two Gentlemen of Verona”:
a) "We do many things, sir," Nicola answered seriously. He glanced at us hopefully.
Explanation:
Nicola’s response reflects the range of odd jobs that he and Jacopo are engaged in—selling fruit, shining shoes, delivering papers—showing their industriousness and determination to earn money.
His hopeful glance suggests that he was perhaps wishing for more work from the narrator or a sign of approval, showing his eagerness to support their cause without begging or complaining.
b) He smiled uncomfortably. "Just plans, sir," he answered in a low voice.
Explanation:
This line reflects Nicola’s discomfort in revealing their personal life to a stranger. His evasive and vague reply, paired with an uneasy smile, hints at the emotional burden he carries and his desire to keep their struggles private. The phrase "just plans" is a polite attempt to divert the narrator's curiosity.
c) Yet in both these boyish faces there was a seriousness which was far beyond their years.
Explanation:
This statement highlights the emotional maturity and responsibility the boys display, despite their young age. Their experiences during and after the war have aged them emotionally. The "seriousness" refers to their sense of duty, their calm dignity, and their quiet endurance in hardship, which are not typical of children their age.
7. Answer the following questions briefly.
a) Why was the author surprised to see Nicola and Jacopo working as shoeshine boys?
The author was surprised to see Nicola and Jacopo working as shoeshine boys because he initially met them selling strawberries, and their versatility and willingness to do any kind of work, despite their young age, astonished him.
b) The story is full of surprises. Briefly mention any two such instances.
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The first surprise was when the author saw the boys shining shoes in the public square, though he had initially seen them selling strawberries.
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The second surprise was when the author discovered that the boys were not saving money for themselves but were working tirelessly to pay for their sister Lucia's treatment.
c) Why were the boys in the deserted square at night? What character traits do they exhibit?
The boys were in the deserted square at night because they were waiting for the last bus from Padua to sell all their newspapers. This shows their determination, perseverance, and strong work ethic.
d) The narrator asks the boys, "Must you work so hard? You both look rather tired." The boys replied, "We are not complaining, sir." What do you learn about the boys from their reply?
The boys' reply indicates their resilience, selflessness, and determination. Despite their hardships and the fatigue they must endure, they do not complain and remain focused on their goal.
e) Support the opinion that the narrator was kind and sensitive.
The narrator was kind and sensitive because he showed genuine concern for the boys, offering to drive them to Poleta and trying to understand their situation without being intrusive. He respected their privacy and was deeply moved by their dedication to their sister.
f) Do you think the boys looked after Lucia willingly? Give reasons for your answer.
Yes, the boys looked after Lucia willingly. Their dedication to working multiple jobs, saving every penny, and even keeping their efforts secret from the narrator shows their deep love and sense of responsibility towards their sister.
8. Answer the following questions in detail.
a) Appearances are deceptive. Discuss with reference to the two boys.
Appearances are indeed deceptive in the case of Nicola and Jacopo. At first glance, the boys appeared shabby and ordinary, selling strawberries by the roadside. However, as the story unfolds, it becomes clear that beneath their worn-out clothes and childlike demeanor, they possess an extraordinary sense of responsibility, maturity, and selflessness. Despite their young age, they work tirelessly, not for themselves, but to support their sister's medical treatment. Their humble appearance contrasts sharply with their noble actions, revealing that true character and integrity are not always visible on the surface.
b) How does the story 'Two Gentlemen of Verona' promise hope for society?
The story 'Two Gentlemen of Verona' promises hope for society by showcasing the virtues of selflessness, resilience, and devotion to family. Nicola and Jacopo, despite their hardships and the loss of their parents, demonstrate an unwavering commitment to caring for their sister. Their actions suggest that even in the most difficult circumstances, human beings are capable of great kindness and sacrifice. This resilience and nobility, displayed by the two young boys, serve as a reminder that the human spirit can triumph over adversity, offering hope that such qualities can lead to a more compassionate and caring society.
c) The story of the two boys, as revealed by the nurse, deeply impacts the narrator. He decides to write a diary entry, recording how he feels inspired by the grit, determination, and selfless actions of the two gentlemen of Verona. As the narrator, write the entry.
Diary Entry
Date: _______________
Today, I witnessed something truly remarkable—something that has left an indelible mark on my heart. Nicola and Jacopo, the two young boys I met on the outskirts of Verona, are far more than just vendors of strawberries or shoeshine boys. They are, without a doubt, two of the finest young men I have ever encountered.
Their story, as revealed by the nurse, has filled me with deep admiration. These boys, who lost everything during the war, did not allow the cruelty of their circumstances to break their spirit. Instead, they have taken on the immense responsibility of caring for their beloved sister, Lucia, who is suffering from tuberculosis. They work tirelessly, doing whatever it takes to ensure she receives the best care possible.
What strikes me most is their uncomplaining nature, their quiet dignity, and their steadfast dedication. They have kept their hardships and sacrifices to themselves, never once seeking pity or praise. In a world so often filled with selfishness and indifference, Nicola and Jacopo stand as shining examples of what it means to truly care for others.
Their selfless actions give me hope. They remind me that even in the darkest of times, there are those who rise above, who embody the very best of humanity. These two young gentlemen of Verona have inspired me in ways I cannot fully express. I can only hope that their story, their courage, and their love will continue to touch others as deeply as it has touched me.
End of Entry
d) When Lucia gets well, she writes a letter to Nicola and Jacopo to express her feelings of gratitude and admiration for them. As Lucia, write the letter.
Letter
Date: _______________
My Dearest Nicola and Jacopo,
I hardly know where to begin. How can I ever find the words to express the gratitude I feel for everything you have done for me? As I sit here, growing stronger every day, I think of you both and the sacrifices you have made to ensure I could receive the care I needed. My heart overflows with love and admiration for my two brave brothers.
I know that life has been anything but easy for us since the war. Losing Papa was hard enough, but the challenges that followed nearly broke me. Yet, you both never wavered. You took on responsibilities that no child should have to bear, all to make sure that I had a chance to get well. I cannot imagine the countless hours you have worked, the exhaustion you must have felt, or the moments when you must have wanted to give up but didn’t. All for me.
I want you to know that your efforts have not been in vain. The doctors are hopeful, and I am feeling stronger every day. I dream of the day when I can sing again, not just for myself, but for both of you. I owe my life to you, and I will spend the rest of it showing you how much I love you.
Thank you, my dear brothers, for your strength, your courage, and your unwavering love. I am so proud to be your sister, and I promise to do everything I can to make you proud of me too.
With all my love,
Lucia
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
Extra Question
Both the stories ' Two Gentlemen of Verona' and ' The Letter' teach us not to lose hope and courage even in adverse situations. Justify the statement.
Both "Two Gentlemen of Verona" by A.J. Cronin and "The Letter" by Dhumaketu highlight the virtues of hope and courage in the face of adversity, portraying characters who remain steadfast despite overwhelming challenges.
In "Two Gentlemen of Verona," the two young brothers, Nicola and Jacopo, embody resilience and determination. Despite losing their parents and suffering through the ravages of war, they take on various jobs to support their ailing sister, Lucia, who is suffering from tuberculosis. Their courage and unwavering hope keep them going, even when their situation seems bleak. They do not wallow in despair but instead work tirelessly, displaying remarkable maturity and responsibility far beyond their years. Their hope for a better future and their love for their sister drive them to face adversity with courage.
Similarly, in "The Letter," Ali, an old coachman, epitomizes patience, faith, and hope. For five long years, Ali visits the post office daily, hoping to receive a letter from his daughter, Miriam, despite never having received one before. His perseverance, driven by love and longing, showcases his unyielding hope that he will hear from his daughter. Even when mocked and ridiculed by others, Ali remains steadfast, believing that the letter will arrive one day. His courage to face the bitter cold, the loneliness, and the indifference of others highlights the strength of his character.
Both stories emphasize that hope and courage are vital in enduring life's challenges. Nicola and Jacopo's dedication to their sister and Ali's unwavering hope for his daughter's letter demonstrate how these virtues can sustain individuals, even when the odds are against them. These characters teach us that in the face of adversity, maintaining hope and courage can lead to enduring and sometimes even miraculous outcomes.